Helping Mentally Retarded Children

In young children, Mental retardation is often missed by clinicians. The condition is present in 2 to 3 percent of the population, either as an isolated finding or as part of a syndrome or broader disorder. Causes of mental retardation are environmental factors and genetic. In at least 30 to 50 percent of cases, physicians are unable to determine etiology . Diagnosis is highly dependent on a comprehensive personal despite thorough evaluation and family medical history, a complete physical examination and a careful developmental assessment of the child. These will guide appropriate evaluations and referrals to provide genetic counseling, resources for the family and early intervention programs for the child. The family physician is encouraged to continue regular follow-up visits with the child to facilitate a smooth transition to adolescence and young adulthood.

The diagnosis of mental retardation in young children is frequently missed. The three most common errors made by clinicians who overlook the possibility of mental retardation are (1) concluding that a child does not “look” retarded, (2) assuming that a child who is ambulatory is unlikely to be retarded and, (3) if retardation is actually considered, concluding that it is not possible to test young children.1

Developmental Characteristics Related to Level of Mental Retardation (DSM-IV Criteria)

MILD RETARDATION	MODERATE RETARDATION	SEVERE RETARDATION	PROFOUND RETARDATION
75% to 90% of all cases of retardation	~10% to 25% of all cases of retardation	~10% to 25% of all cases of retardation	~10% to 25% of all cases of retardation
Function at one half to two thirds of CA (IQ: 50 to 70)	Function at one third to one half of CA (IQ: 35 to 49)	Function at one fifth to one third of CA (IQ: 20 to 34)	Function at < one fifth of CA (IQ: < 20)
Slow in all areas	Noticeable delays, especially in speech	Marked and obvious delays; may walk late	Marked delays in all areas
May have no unusual physical signs	May have some unusual physical signs	Little or no communication skills but may have some understanding of speech and show some response	Congenital abnormalities often present
Can acquire practical skills	Can learn simple communication	May be taught daily routines and repetitive activities	Need close supervision
Useful reading and math skills up to grades 3 to 6 level	Can learn elementary health and safety habits	May be trained in simple self-care	Often need attendant care
Can conform socially	Can participate in simple activities and self-care	Need direction and supervision	May respond to regular physical activity and social stimulation
Can acquire vocational skills for self-maintenance	Can perform tasks in sheltered conditions	—	Not capable of self-care
Integrated into general society	Can travel alone to familiar places	—	—

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note: Additional problems with vision, hearing or speech, congenital abnormalities, seizures, emotional problems or cerebral palsy may be present.

To know more, click the link below

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0215/p1059.html

We have helped Borderline , mild, moderate retarded kids. With the combination of chess classes and psychology.

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